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N. IRIBADZHAKOV. CLIO BEFORE THE COURT OF BOURGEOIS PHILOSOPHY. TOWARDS A CRITIQUE OF THE MODERN IDEALISTIC PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

Sun, 12 Jan 2025 12:53:00 +0300

N. IRIBADZHAKOV. Клио пред съда на буржоазната философия. Към критиката на съвременната идеалистически философия на историята. Sofia. Izd. na BKP. 1970. 815 pp. The monograph of Professor N. Iribadzhakov, Head of the Department of History of Philosophy at Sofia University, is devoted to an actual scientific problem of interest to both philosophers and historians. The author has set himself the task of subjecting the main concepts of modern bourgeois philosophy of history to a detailed critique. N. Iribadzhakov's indisputable merit is that he gives a concrete analysis of the views of bourgeois theorists and schools, reveals the differences between these views and proves their inconsistency. The book critically examines the views of bourgeois philosophers and historians W. Windelband, H. Rickert, L. Wiese, T. Parsons, J. Maritain, B. Croce, R. Collingwood and others. on the correlation of philosophy, history and sociology. The author managed to convincingly show that the modern bourgeois philosophy of history is a product of the crisis of capitalist society. He examines in detail the so-called "method of understanding" put forward by W. Dilthey and developed by R. Collingwood, K. Popper and some other reactionary philosophers, convincingly showing the anti-scientific and irrationalist nature of their views. The author analyzes in detail the subjective-idealistic views of K. Becker, T. Parsons, A. Toynbee and others, the objective-idealistic interpretations of B. Croce, as well as various versions of these theories that are far from true science. The concepts of V. Dilthey, V. Windelband and H. Rickert, which oppose history as an "idiographic" (descriptive) discipline to "nomothetic" (theoretical, generalizing) sciences, are argumentatively criticized. N. Iribadzhakov convincingly shows, in particular,that they are based on ignoring the dialectic of the relationship between logical and historical. One of the subjects of research in the monograph is the philosophical pr ... Read more

Mapping the Imaginary at the Frontiers of Science: The Search for Universal Unity at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries

Tue, 10 Dec 2024 15:49:00 +0300

Vladislav Razdyakonov Mapping Imagination on the Borders of Science: Quest for Universal Unity at the Turn of the 19th - 20th Centuries Vladislav Razdyakonov - Associate Professor, Center for the Study of Religion, Russian State University of Humanities (Moscow). razdyakonov.vladislav@gmail.com Drawing upon latest studies in the history of parascience, this review article demonstrates crucial differences between its main branches at the turn of the 19th century. The author calls for a careful approach in using "presentist" historical methodology and highlights the motivations of both scientists and those labeled "stepchildren of science", who tried to find universal principles regulating the processes in the world of nature. The degree in which scientific ideas correlate with personal value biases may be used as a possible criterion for demarcating the boundary between scientific and parascientific discourses. Keywords: parascience, history of science, parapsychology, modern spiritualism, occultism. page 297Book Review: Oppenheim, J. P. (1985) The Other World. Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850 - 1912. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - 503 p. Wolffram, H. (2009) The Stepchildren of Science. Psychical Research and Parapsychology in Germany. Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi. - 342 p. Lachapelle, S. (2011) Investigating Supernatural. From Spiritism and Occultism to Psychical Research and Metaphysics in France, 1853 - 1931. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. -198 p. OVER the past few years, the West has published several academic monographs devoted to the analysis of the cultural context of the late XIX-early XX century and revealing the logic and dynamics of the development of "parascience". The review nature of these works makes it possible to create a map of the main ideas of near-scientific groups, demonstrating the similarities and differences that existed between them, primarily in their attitude to the images of "science" and "sci ... Read more

Rethinking Secularism. The Post-Secular in Question: Religion in Contemporary Society

Sun, 08 Dec 2024 13:52:00 +0300

Rethinking Secularism/Eds. Craig Calhoun, Mark Juergensmeyer, Jonathan VanAntwerpen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. - 311 p. The Post-Secular in Question: Religion in Contemporary Society/Eds. Philip S. Gorski, David Kyuman Kim, John Torpey, and Jonathan VanAntwerpen. New York & London: New York University Press, 2012. - 375 p. A look at the history of the term "post-secular" reveals an interesting, if not intriguing, dynamic. This word has been rapidly spreading around the world in recent years, and today it is mainly a networked "world": so, in 2004, Google page 301gave several thousand links to Post-Secular; in 2012-almost 7Read more

ESSAYS ON THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF "SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS": "MULTI-TRACK LENINISM"

Fri, 06 Dec 2024 16:07:00 +0300

Article one PRICE REFORM AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE "CHINESE WAY". PRACTICES AND THEORIES OF "TWO-TRACK" PRICING 1systemic transformation in the People's Republic of China has been going on for more than three decades. The origins of the" Chinese way", its direction and dynamics, the ratio of spontaneous and calculated, radical and gradual, the criteria of success and failure, the applicability in other countries, and even the " world-historical significance "of the" Chinese miracle " invariably arouse great interest, various discussions, and have long been the object of widespread, sometimes unrestrained theorizing. Meanwhile, I think that the lines written by the famous Chinese economist Sheng Hong a decade and a half ago still remain relevant: "Up to the present time, research (reforms. - M. K.) remain at the stage of an ordinary theory, which is extremely lacking in empirical foundations. With regard to such significant systemic developments as are taking place in China, the first priority is to describe them. First of all, people need to know what is actually happening. One can get a general idea of such meaningful changes in the field of human relations and social norms only by perceiving them at the micro level " [Sheng Hong, 1996, p. 80]. Keywords: "Chinese way", pricing reform, "two-track" pricing model, "multi-track" pricing model. The reform of the pricing system in China is key in terms of understanding the socio-economic processes in China at the micro level. On the one hand, there is an acute shortage of empiricism in this area, primarily from the lowest level. On the other hand, the Chinese economic literature is replete with far-reaching theoretical constructions (Li Huizhong, 1998; Fan Gang, 1995, 1996; Sheng Hong, 2003).' 1 I will give here only some of the main approaches and the lines of discussion formed by them. Against the background of the generally existing consensus in the expert circles of the PRC that the reforms in China were and are still ... Read more

CHILDREN, STRAW DOGS AND SMALL FISH: THE PEOPLE AND THEIR PLACE IN THE IDEAL STATE OF LAO TZU

Thu, 05 Dec 2024 16:34:00 +0300

CHILDREN, STRAW DOGS AND SMALL FISH: THE PEOPLE AND THEIR PLACE IN THE IDEAL STATE OF LAO TZU1 The article discusses the nature of relations between the ruler and subjects in the political theory of Lao Tzu. The basis of these relations is seen in the absence of any political, economic or moral obligations of the people to the ruler or the state. This assumption provides a rational, rather than metaphysical, explanation of the doctrine of the ideal behavior of the ruler of Wu-wei, or "non-action." Key words: Lao Tzu, Tao te Ching, political theory, people, ruler, ming ben, wu-wei, anarchism. CHILDREN, STRAW DOGS AND SMALL FISH: THE IMAGE OF PEOPLE AND THE POLITICAL IDEAL OF THE LAOZI The present paper discusses the nature of the relationships between the ruler and the people in the Laozi's political theory. It maintains that the basic foundation of these relationships is the people s lack of any political, economic or moral obligations toward the ruler or the state. This assumption has many far-reaching ramifications as to the functioning of the state, as well as to the nature and practical realization of ruler's power. In particular, it provides a rational rather than metaphysical explanation of the "non-action" wu-wei ideal of ruler's behavior. Keywords: Laozi, Dao De Jing (Tao Те Ching), political theory, people, ruler, min-ben, wu-wei, anarchism. Socio-political problems occupy one of the central places in the text of Lao Tzu (Tao te Ching ) .2 Methods of state administration and their metaphysical justification, questions of social structure and public morality, personal qualities and behavior of the ruler are the subject of discussion in at least half of his short chapters- novels. The context of most of the statements on political topics is the relationship between the ruler and the people - from the point of view of the political ideal of Lao Tzu, the two only, although far from equal, participants in the political process. Lao Tzu's political philosophy exp ... Read more

THE CHINESE WAY OF HUMANITY

Thu, 05 Dec 2024 16:18:00 +0300

The history of the world's oldest Chinese statehood, despite the thousands-year tradition of its study, discussion and application by sages, philosophers, scientists and politicians, is still full of mysteries and contradictions. The editorial board of the magazine "Oriens" offers readers a series of articles covering various aspects of the history of ancient Chinese civilization and statehood. The series of articles was prepared under the editorship of S. V. Dmitriev. The oldest and at the same time most developed cultures of the modern world form a global alternative, similar to psychosomatic, sexual and all other binary opposites of the human body, species and society. The mutual polarity of Western (European-American, Indo-Iranian, Arab-Muslim) and Eastern (Chinese, or Sinist) cultures has the deepest anthropological, and not only social and historical-cultural roots, expressed in the cardinal difference between languages, types of writing, linguistic worldviews, psychotypes, socio-cultural norms, religious and philosophical systems, etc. perhaps even reflecting the variable features of sapientation in two different and remote parts of the earth. Like the Globe, the world is bipolar, and China has been one of its poles for almost the entire history of mankind and will continue to be in the 21st century. His book of books, The Canon of Change ("I Ching") is the forerunner of the binary code of all computer programs, and hieroglyphics is a contender for the language of international communication on the Internet. In today's visual world, images are winning over words and the ancient culture of hieroglyphic images is gaining a second youth. A scientific understanding of this is necessary for an adequate correlation of the real "clash of civilizations" with the ideal "dialogue of cultures". Keywords: China, West, Russia, Sinology, Sinology, sinology, cultural studies, anthropology, global studies, culture, civilization, binary, binary. Artem I. KOBZEV-Doctor of Phil ... Read more

4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RHETORIC

Sat, 27 Jul 2024 09:57:00 +0300

The next 4th International Conference on Rhetoric on the topic "Rhetorical Culture in Modern Society" was held on January 26-28, 2000 at the Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language. The conference was opened by the Chairman of the Russian Association of Researchers, Teachers and Teachers of Rhetoric V. I. Annushkin. The guests were welcomed by the Vice-rector for Academic Affairs of the Pushkin State Research Institute Yu. E. Prokhorov. He highly appreciated the efforts of scientists and teachers seeking to restore rhetorical ideas in Russia, stressed the importance of the resurgent discipline for Russian studies in general, and spoke about how the teaching of rhetoric is organized at different faculties of the Pushkin State University. Rhetorical conferences have become a regular experience of exchanging opinions of all those who care about the fate of the Russian word, the methodology of teaching Russian speech in all areas of teacher education: at school and university, for Russians and foreigners. Rhetoric, considered as the doctrine of persuasive and effective speech, attempts to pose and solve acute problems of building optimal speech interaction in the modern information society: from the rules of everyday dialogue and business negotiations to the art of political and journalistic speech. The program of the plenary and breakout sessions was equally diverse, where an interested discussion of the current state and prospects for the development of the culture of the Russian word took place. During the plenary session, 9 reports were heard. L. K. Graudina in her report "On some problems of modern rhetoric" considered topical issues of modern social and speech practice and speech culture, giving specific examples of violations of communication norms and suggesting ways to achieve effective speech results. O. B. Sirotinina paid attention to the elite type of speech culture and its correlation with the phenomenon of rhetorical skill in her report. "Intention ... Read more

"...HE WON'T HURT A FLY!"

Sat, 27 Jul 2024 09:17:00 +0300

Colloquial and everyday phraseological units in Saltykov-Shchedrin's prose In the arsenal of artistic and visual means of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, colloquial and everyday phraseological units occupy a large place. The writer's extensive use of colloquial vocabulary, primarily stable phrases, was determined by the expressiveness of folk expressions, their colorfulness and imagery. Creatively developing the traditions of N. V. Gogol, Saltykov-Shchedrin turns to folk speech as an inexhaustible source of accuracy, accuracy and colorfulness of the language. Semantic ambiguity, increased expressiveness and figurativeness of phraseological units helped the author of "Mr. Golovlevs" to express his attitude to the depicted with the greatest force: love for the people and hatred for those who parasitize at their expense. Constant faith in the people did not prevent Saltykov-Shchedrin from angrily ridiculing its negative aspects, which led to a one-sided interpretation of the great writer's artistic talent as exclusively satirical. The works of Saltykov-Shchedrin, which poetize the high moral character traits of a Russian person (religiosity, compassion for the disadvantaged, kindness, etc.), were hushed up by critics. Meanwhile, the positive characters of the writer are representatives of the working people. Their souls are wide open to goodness, truth, and light. Shchedrin uses words and phrases of lively folk speech when describing characters, their environment, and in journalistic arguments about what is described. For example, "The second story of the chief clerk "from the series" Provincial Essays", which opened the chronicle of Russian public life created by the writer, begins with the words: "But we had a mayor (...) truly a footed goose... " And more: "Our superiors all had a great attachment to him, because, in fact, he did not go out of his will and did everything exactly: go, he says, into the mud - he goes into the mud, if he finds an opportunity, he will pull a ... Read more

FEATURES OF VIETNAMESE RESISTANCE TO THE MONGOL-CHINESE INVASION (second half of THE 13th century)

Sat, 20 Jul 2024 11:10:00 +0300

1In the second half of the 13th century, the Mongol conquests covered a significant part of the Old World. Some countries surrendered to the brutal invaders almost without a fight, others resigned themselves after fierce resistance, and others did not submit under any conditions. Among the latter were Vietnam, Tyampa, Mamluk Egypt, and the Delhi Sultanate. This article analyzes the behavior of the Vietnamese during the Mongol-Chinese invasions in the second half of the 13th century, examines the understanding of this behavior recorded in ideological standards (presented in chronicles), and then compares it with the types of behavior and ideological standards of the Orthodox civilization in its Russian version, which was also subjected to Mongol aggression in the 13th century. Keywords: Daiwet, Yuan, Mongol-Chinese, Kublai, Toghan, Champa, scorched earth tactics. It should be noted that the model of resisting Mongol aggression "to the death" did not arise suddenly for the Vietnamese, but was developed gradually, during successive stages of the struggle against aggression [Ryabinina, 2009]. So, during the first attack on Vietnam in 1257, the courageous behavior of the Vietnamese elite (namely, the behavior of the highest strata of society - relatives of the emperor, high officials, mountain princes is described in sources) was combined with acts of cowardice and cowardice shown by its representatives. The first type included: 1) the brave behavior of the Emperor Chiang Thai Tong (1226-1258), who "led the regiments and led the battle in the vanguard, not paying attention to the flying arrows and stones" [Dai Viet su ky..., 1697, l. 22a] (later the emperor and his heir won a victory over the Mongols in the battle near Dongbodau) [Dai Viet su ky..., 1697, l. 22a]; 2) the courage of the Vietnamese military official Le Phu Tran, who refused to retreat and "rode alone among the enemy battle formations" [Dai Viet su ky..., 1697, l. 22a], then "covered the emperor from arrows ... Read more

PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Wed, 17 Jul 2024 20:52:00 +0300

On August 22 - 26, 2009, Ulan-Ude hosted a scientific conference "Philosophy and Social Sciences in Developing Countries" within the framework of the international Russian-Mongolian-Chinese seminar "Globalization and Developing Countries". The conference was opened by the Corresponding member of the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMBT). RAS B. V. Bazarov. A. V. Damdinov, Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Buryatia; Xia Cunya, Head of the Chinese delegation, Vice-Director of the College of Humanities and Social Studies of the Petroleum University of China; Luvsandamba Dashniam, Head of the Mongolian delegation, Senior Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (IFSP), addressed the conference participants with greetings. The plenary session was opened by B. V. Bazarov's report "Spiritual aspects of the Central Asian civilizational space". According to the speaker, the need to study spiritual components, and in particular religious and philosophical components, in civilizational and geopolitical studies is dictated by the fact that many problems and phenomena of a socio-cultural nature can be understood through deciphering the codes of religious dogmas, even those whose understanding is currently lost. Therefore, the exegesis of religious tradition and the appeal to its written sources are relevant in the analysis of many social processes of our time. The report also drew attention to the activities of "new religious movements". They are used by some politicians, the speaker noted, as a tool for "hacking" not only traditional religion and culture, but also national culture in general, as a powerful means of manipulating public consciousness in the desired direction. Having" disarmed " peoples spiritually, it is no longer necessary to use military force against them. It is no coincidence that the Central Asian re ... Read more