Many names of the Lipetsk Region are based on geographical terms that make up a group of words that are easier to translate into proper names than others.

One of them is the plan/plan. It is interesting not only in itself, but also from the point of view of dialect polysemy, synonymy, and communicative relevance.

The meaning of the word plan / plant, which will be described later, is not given either in the materials of F. N. Milkov " Typology of tracts and local geographical terms of the Chernozem Center "(Scientific Notes of the Voronezh Department of the Geographical Society of the USSR. Voronezh, 1970. Vol. 2), nor in the" Dictionary of Folk Geographical Terms " by E. M. Murzaev (Moscow, 1984), where there is no article about the plan/plante at all, nor are they mapped in the "Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language" (Dialectological Atlas of the Russian language. Center of the European part of the USSR. Syntax. Leksika, Moscow, 1996, 1998, Part III).

The most common meaning of the word plan / plan in the studied dialects can be considered "street in the village": "Medichka in our Plantu is like a street in your way, in Moscow". Such semantics are recorded even in the "Dictionary of Modern Russian Literary Language" with the mark region (Dictionary of Modern Russian Literary Language, Moscow-L., 1959, vol. 9).

The word plan / plan is never used singly in dialects to refer to the specified subject. It is always included in a synonym series, for example, street-order-end-plan/plan.

Rows and orders appeared in the 15th century in the Novgorod land as the smallest units of zoning: order - "a row of houses built in a line and facing a river, lake, ravine, road "(Murzaev. Edict. op.). Ends were originally referred to as outlying parts of the city, district, region, village (Ibid.), and the word street - "passage, passage between rows of houses in a locality", which from the very beginning was created-

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It was used on a vast Russian territory (For the history of the vocabulary of administrative zoning, see, for example: Bogachuk V. V. Common names of localities and their parts in monuments of the Russian nationality of the XIV-XV centuries. Kiev, 1972; Chaikina Yu. I. Administrative-territorial vocabulary and microtoponymy of the Old Russian city // Northern Russian Dialects, L., 1989, issue 5).

Dialect geographical appellatives-synonyms end, order, plan/plan with the meaning "street in the village" are often toponymized. In other words, a common name - either in its "pure" form, without any changes, or with the addition of agreed components - turns into a proper one: End, Old End, Zharov order (Chaplyginskoe), Orekhov order. Near plant, Zenkin plant, First plant. Second plan. The third plan. Old plan, Tyapkin's plan.

It turns out that in the dialects of the north of the Lipetsk region, almost all all-Russian words that were included in the lexical - thematic group "administrative-territorial parts of localities" from the moment of its formation in the Russian language are represented.

As an independent word, it is necessary to distinguish such a meaning of the word plan/plan as "houses on one side of the street". The structure of the lexicographic article from the "Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects", which unreasonably combines the names of two different realities, seems to us inaccurate: "Plan... 4. Street (in the village); one side of the street (Ryazan, Uralsk, Tomsk) " (Dictionary of Russian folk dialects. Issue 27).

If we talk about the use of the word plan / plan with the meaning "houses on one side of the street", then we have to state that this option is gradually moving from the center of the semantic structure to the periphery. One of the reasons for this change can be seen in the fact that for modern rural residents, the subject content associated with the concept under consideration is not sufficiently clarified and pragmatically uncertain. The characteristic "houses on one side of the street" ceases to be a convenient reference point and loses its signposting meaning: streets in modern villages are so small that there is no need to split them up.

As for synonymous relations, in the meaning of "houses on one side of the street", plan / plan is regularly replaced by the appellative side.

Therefore, if we take into account that one of the main functions of geographical names is precisely orientation in space, it becomes clear why there is not a single case of onymization of the geographical appellative plan/plan with the semantics "houses on one side of the street"in the dialects of the Lipetsk region.

In this regard, the following fact is also important: when identifying the value "a row of houses on one side of the street", we come across

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the diversity and lack of semantics is a phenomenon more typical for dialects, although it occurs in the literary language.

Sometimes you can't clearly distinguish between "houses on the same side of the street" and "street in the village"without additional comments. The initial contexts may be completely opaque in some cases. However, their reliability is rarely questioned, which leads to many inaccuracies and stretch marks, especially in lexicographic practice: "Bearing in mind the interconnectedness of meanings, it is necessary to distinguish one meaning from another, which is helped to a certain extent by the structural division of each meaning" (Boitsova E. O. Ways of lexicographic interpretation of the dissection of the meaning of a dialect word // Dialect word in lexicographic aspect. L., 1986).

Indeed, the first use in most cases shows that the word appears with one or another meaning, but "exactly the same... in other cases, some of these meanings may not be distinguished from each other" (Shmelev D. N. Problems of semantic analysis of vocabulary (based on the material of the Russian language). Moscow, 1973). In the latter situation, of course, expanding the context can help. But it does not always lead to complete clarity, contrary to the opinion of many researchers. In other words, lexical and semantic variants are again not diagnosed: "The plan is when houses stand"; addition - "the street is on both sides, and the plan is huts on one side".

Therefore, it is possible to get out of the impasse of semantic entanglement if you significantly expand the scope of the communicative field, that is, to get as much additional information as possible from the informant.

The next meaning of the geographical term plan / plan is "a flat surface of land that is not used for economic purposes". Here it is important to emphasize that this term is not synonymous with the appellatives otsib-wasteland-wasteland: "You can't get anything on the outskirts, and the plants were not empty for a long time." The lexical-semantic variant under consideration is not recorded in any dictionary of the Russian language.

In this sense, the word plan / plant is directly related to the original etymological semantics of Latin source words: planus "flat; flat; having a flattened shape", planum "flat place, plain" (Dvoretsky I. H. Latin-Russian Dictionary. Moscow, 1996). Hence the absolutely natural parallels in modern European languages, through which the word plan came to the Russian language: French plan "flat, flat; planar", plan "plane, surface"; German plan flat, flat", der Plan "area; plain; plane", English plane " plane; flat, planar" (Ganshina K. A. French-Russian dictionary.,

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1979; Big German-Russian Dictionary, Moscow, 1997. Vol. II; Muller V. K. Anglo-Russian Dictionary, Moscow, 1990).

In this regard, it is interesting to analyze an example of the XVIII century from the "Books of the complete collection of navigation, marine ship fleet composed by Captain Semyon Mordvinov": "Plan, or flat surface "(cited in: Morakhovskaya O. N. Krestyansky dvor. Moscow, 1996). This context captures at least three facts. First, it shows semantics that completely coincide with the etymological one. Secondly, it was this direct meaning that became the basis for metonymic transfer (model "place" -> "diagram of this place"), which resulted in one of the most common lexical and semantic variants in all modern Slavic languages - "drawing depicting a terrain, object, structure on a plane by direct horizontal projection".". Third, the example of the 18th century is associated with a modern dialect lexeme that exists at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Finally, the last lexical and semantic variant that emerged quite recently - in the late 90s of the XX century. In some Lipetsk villages, the appellative plan, which would seem to have fallen out of use forever, was suddenly reborn. Plans began to call places of compact settlement of migrants from the former republics of the USSR (Belarus, Moldova, Kazakhstan, etc.), and the most relevant here is the value of remoteness, alienness: "On the plans they settled - as if a little apart."

It is easy to notice that in the studied dialects, the geographical term is represented by two variant sound complexes: plan and plant, the functional ratio of which is approximately the same.

As for the grammatical specifics of the words plan/plan, it, changing in the first declension, has only - y in the prepositional singular case. This ending of the local case in this case is a rule that knows no exceptions: "On the Big Screen lived those who are in honor"; "No one lives in this noncha."

The local geographical term plan / plant also occupies a fairly strong position in the word-forming system, forming chains, rows and nests: plan - plantik - plantishko - plantny - plantdvy. "Plantiki is our small streets, so there are ten houses"; "The Belarusian woman's house is a planty place."

So, the geographical term plan / plan can be attributed to those words of a dialect language that, having rich semantic and system capabilities, currently have a chance to move from a passive stock to an active one.

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