A multivariate analysis of 220 male craniological series from the Neolithic and Bronze Ages from the territory of Eurasia was carried out. The results confirm the great role of catacomb tribes in the formation of the Afanasiev community. Minusinsk okunevtsy, Karakoltsy, krotovtsy and groups of the Andronovo era from Chernoozero I and Yelovka II were mainly of local origin. For Samus residents, the Poltavka parallel is marked. The Okunevites of Tuva and, probably, the Yeluninites were descendants of the Yamniks and early Catacombs of Ukraine. The same applies to the Alakul people of Western Kazakhstan, who also have many early connections in foreign Europe. The ancestors of some Fyodorov groups were probably the Afanasyevites of Altai, while the ancestors of others were the Late Yamnaya and Catacomb tribes of the North Caucasus and Kalmykia. Gumugou residents are closest to the Fedorovites of Kazakhstan and Rudny Altai, which indicates the northern path of settlement of Xinjiang. The gracile Caucasians of Siberia and Central Asia cannot be called Mediterranean because they have almost no anthropological connections with the Middle East, Central Asia, and Transcaucasia. Apparently, we are talking about northern Caucasians. Keywords: Indo-Europeans, Southern Siberia, Central Asia, Bronze Age. Introduction The question of the ways of penetration of ancient Caucasians into Siberia and Central Asia has recently attracted close interest in connection with the problem of the Indo-European ancestral homeland. The opinion expressed by some archaeologists about the significant role of migrations from Near Asia in the composition of the South Siberian cultures of the Bronze Age (Grigoriev, 1999; Bobrov. 1994; Kiryushin, 2004] received support from those anthropologists who tend to consider any gracile Caucasians to be representatives of the Mediterranean race, i.e., Southerners by origin (see especially [Khudaverdyan, 2009]). Until recently, I was also inclined to this interpre ... Read more